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Turkey’s Coal Coke Market Outlook Report

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Coke is one of the important consumables in the production of steel using blast furnaces; on average, about 600 kg of coke is required to produce one tonne of crude steel. In addition to providing thermal energy for melting in blast furnaces, coke also releases reducing agents (gases) to reduce iron oxide, facilitating the production of iron and steel. The main part of coke is used in blast furnaces to produce steel, but it is also used in other non-metal industries sush as sugar industries and power plants.

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Product Description

With a GDP of $761 billion in 2019, Turkey was the second largest economy in the region that year, behind Saudi Arabia. The country joined the Economic Cooperation Organization in 1961 and also became a member of G20 in 1991. However, Turkey is still a developing country, according to the UN in 2019. With an annual output of 35 million tonnes of crude steel, the country is the largest producer in the region. EAFs have accounted for almost 70% of the country’s output on average over the past years. However, that share has shrunk with increased development in blast furnaces over the recent years.

Market drivers of Turkey’s Coke

Turkey is one of the fast growing economies in the region. This will increase demand for electricity in the country. Stronger demand for electricity can boost the coke and coal market as main fuels used in the country’s power plants. It should be mentioned that in 2019, about 29% of the total power generated in Turkey came from coal-fired power plants. However, in addition to renewables such as hydropower, the share of gas-fired combined cycle power plants is also expanding. Moreover, with a large number of countries vowing to cut emissions in accordance with the Paris Agreement, the share of coal-fired power plants is expected to shrink over the long term. It should be mentioned that the discovery of a new natural gas reserve in the Black Sea and the easier availability of natural gas will support the downtrend in coal-fired power generation contribution.

The share of blast furnaces in Turkey’s steel output has had significant growth over the recent years; the trend is expected to continue in the coming years. This can be a strong driver for coke demand growth, especially metallurgical coal. Ferroalloy output is also expected to increase, further boosting demand for metallurgical coal; this is another factor driving the growth of Turkey’s metallurgical coal market.

Turkey reported the first case of Covid-19 in the latter half of March 2020. Not much longer, in mid-April, daily confirmed cases exceeded 5,000 and the country was officially facing a pandemic. To fight the pandemic, the government restricted businesses and ordered nation-wide lockdowns. As a result, the country’s mobility index dropped to around 60%. Thus, Turkey’s real GDP growth is forecast to be around -1%. With the restrictions implemented by the government due to the Covid-19 pandemic, demand for steel products and consequently crude steel will weaken.

Overview of Turkey’s coke market

Turkey is one of the most important producers of coke in the region; however, most of the coke from the country’s mines is lignite, which does not have a good coking rate for metallurgical applications and is mostly used in coal-fired power plants to generate electricity. Thus, metallurgical coke producers import a major share of their demand for coking coal. However, the development of blast furnace capacities in the country has resulted in increased extraction of coal and consequently, higher output of metallurgical coke. Research shows that Turkey’s metallurgical coke output increased until the late years of the first half of the past decade, but as high-quality coal for coke production tightened, the country’s metallurgical coke output also declined. Thus, the tight coke market with the growing demand led to increased imports in the second half of the decade. As the country’s crude steel output increases over the coming years, demand for coke is expected to improve, but since the demand will be met using domestic output, Turkey’s coke trade balance is expected to remain unchanged.

Breakdown of Turkey’s coke market

Coke produced from coal generally falls into two categories: metallurgical coke (used in metals industries) and thermal coal (used as fuel, mostly in power plants and sugar industries). Turkey’s coke market is also broken down based on grain size: large grain, medium grain, and fine grain. Large-grain coke is generally used in steelmaking and blast furnaces, while fine-grain coke is used by agglomeration plants or in non-metallurgical industries such as cement and sugar production. Medium-grain coke is mostly used by ferroalloy producers. In addition to type and grain size, the country’s coke market is also analyzed based on consumers. Steelmakers, ferroalloy producers, and foundries are major consumers of metallurgical coke; consumers of thermal coal are also briefly analyzed.

Key players in Turkey’s coke market:

  • YILCOQUE
  • Ereğli Demir ve Çelik Fabrikalari T.A.Ş. (Erdemir Group)
  • İskenderun Demir ve Çelik A.Ş. (Isdemir)
  • Erdemir Madencilik
  • Eti Krom A.Ş.
  • Eti Elektrometalurji A.Ş.

Additional Information

Industry

Coal and Coke Consumables
Region

Turkey
Report Type

Industry Report

Specifications

Report Attribute Details
The base year for estimation 2019
Historical data 2009-2018
Forecast period 2020-2025
Quantitative units Value in USD and Volume in Tonne
Report coverage Market Overview, Dynamics, Market Outlook, Risks to Forecast, Consumer Market, Industry Overview, Market Landscape, Competitive Landscape, Market Attractiveness, External Macro Environment Analysis
Segments covered Source, Composition, Type, Application
Pricing and purchase options Please explore our purchase options to meet your exact research needs.

Reasons to Buy

  • Recognize the geographical distribution of import demand
  • Identify the current and future key players of the trading market
  • Achieve a better insight on potential target markets
  • Understand the behavior of major suppliers/customers either globally or regionally
  • Identify competitors as a feed for market analysis

Table of Content

  1. Executive summary
  2. Introduction
    • Objective
    • Market under study
    • Product
      • Product specifications
      • Consumption structure
        • Applications
        • Physical properties
      • Subjects discussed
      • Geographical scope under study
      • Study timeframe
      • Study currency
      • Potential audience
  1. Market dynamics
    • Market drivers
    • Restraints
    • Opportunities
    • Challenges
  2. Market overview
    • Market size
    • Industry capacities
      • Existing capacities
        • Capacity distribution
        • Geographical distribution of capacities
      • Future capacities
    • Output
      • Output trends
      • Operating rates
    • Consumption
      • Consumption trend
      • Consumption Share of domestic product
    • Trade
      • Exports
      • Imports
      • Trade balance
      • Market balance
    • Market breakdown by product type
    • Market breakdown by product type
    • Market breakdown by application
    • Inventory
      • Producers inventory
      • Consumers inventory
      • Traders inventory
  1. Market outlook
    • Market factors
      • Raw materials
      • Costs and prices
      • Competition
      • The government
      • Other factors
    • Future scenarios
    • Risks to forecast
  2. Consumer markets
    • End-user markets
      • Building construction
      • Infrastructure construction
      • Transportation manufacturing
      • Industrial equipment manufacturing
      • Durable goods manufacturing
      • Consumable goods manufacturing
    • Direct consumer markets
      • Major Direct consumers
        • Existing capacities
        • Drivers
  1. Export potentials
    • Destinations
      • Trade and insurance costs
      • Import market suppliers
      • Producers potential share
  1. Industry overview
    • Raw materials
      • The supply volume of raw materials
      • Supply channels of raw materials
      • Raw materials procurement costs
    • Cost structure of producers
    • Production cost curve
    • Industry value added
    • Generated new scrap
    • Technology
  2. Market landscape
    • Domestic sales markets
      • Pricing in the domestic market
      • Potential domestic demand
      • Trade agreements for imports
      • Foreign suppliers
    • Foreign sales market
      • Prices
      • Potential markets overview
      • Trade agreements for exports
      • Foreign customers
  1. Competitive landscape
    • Producers
      • Company profile
      • Revenue structure
      • Gross profit margins
      • Capacity, output and sales
    • Consumers
      • Company profile
      • Revenue structure
      • Gross profit margins
      • Capacity, output and sales
  1. Market attractiveness
    • Industry rivalry
    • Threat of new entrants
    • Threat of substitutes
    • Bargaining power of buyers
    • Bargaining power of suppliers
    • Conclusion of Porter analysis
  2. PESTEL analysis
    • Political factors
    • Economic factors
    • Social factors
    • Technology factors
    • Environmental factors
    • Legal factors
  3. SWOT analysis
    • Large-scale companies with favorable conditions
      • Short-term strategies
      • Long-term strategies
    • Large-scale companies with unfavorable conditions
      • Short-term strategies
      • Long-term strategies
    • Small enterprises with favorable conditions
      • Short-term strategies
      • Long-term strategies
    • Small enterprises with unfavorable conditions
      • Short-term strategies
      • Long-term strategies

List of Figures

  1. Output and consumption; 2010-2019
  2. Market share of product applications; 2019
  3. Market surplus; 2019-2025
  4. Production process flowchart
  5. Market size; 2010-2025
  6. Existing capacity; 2010-2019
  7. Capacity distribution; 2019
  8. Geographic distribution of capacities; 2019
  9. Development of future capacity; 2010-2025
  10. Amount of output; 2010-2025
  11. Operating rates of production plants; 2010-2025
  12. Amount of consumption; 2010-2025
  13. Consumption share of domestic product; 2010-2025
  14. Exports of product; 2010-2019
  15. Imports of product; 2010-2019
  16. Historical trade balance; 2010-2019
  17. Future Market balance; 2021-2025
  18. Market output breakdown by alloy type; 2010-2025
  19. Market consumption breakdown by alloy type; 2010-2025
  20. Market balance breakdown by alloy type; 2010-2025
  21. Market output breakdown by product type; 2010-2025
  22. Market consumption breakdown by product type; 2010-2025
  23. Market balance breakdown by product type; 2010-2025
  24. Market consumption breakdown by application; 2010-2025
  25. Inventories of raw materials and products at producers factories; 2010-2019
  26. Consumers’ inventory of product; 2010-2019
  27. Traders’ inventory; 2010-2019
  28. Production forecast, according to raw materials and sales analysis; 2019-2025
  29. Market surplus; 2019-2025
  30. The share of end-user industries in the consumption; 2010 and 2019
  31. Changes in the end-consumption of extrusion products; 2019 vs 2025
  32. Applications in building construction industry; 2019
  33. Applications in infrastructure construction industry; 2019
  34. Applications in transportation manufacturing industry; 2019
  35. Applications in industrial equipment manufacturing industry; 2019
  36. Applications in durable goods manufacturing industry; 2019
  37. Applications in consumable goods manufacturing industry; 2019
  38. Capacity distribution structure of direct consumers; 2019
  39. Existing capacities of direct consumers in each province; 2019
  40. Suppliers of the export potential destination; 2019
  41. Historical exports to the export potential destination and future potential; 2016-2025
  42. Up-stream domestic supply; 2010-2019
  43. Raw materials domestic supply; 2010-2019
  44. Supply channels of producer plants
  45. Spot price of raw material in the market; 2010-2025
  46. Cash cost structure for production the product; 2019
  47. Production cost curve of the plants; 2019
  48. Gross value added of the industry; 2010-2019
  49. Generated new scrap; 2010-2019
  50. Sales channels
  51. Realized price of the product in the market; 2010-2025
  52. Potential demand of each province; 2019
  53. The main foreign suppliers to the market; 2010-2019
  54. FOB price vs domestic market; 2010-2025
  55. Map of global major importers > 20,000t; 2019
  56. Major foreign customers; 2010-2019
  57. Revenue structure of the producers; FY2019
  58. Sales income and gross profit margin of the producers; FY2010-2019
  59. Output and sales of the producers; FY2010-2019
  60. Revenue structure of the consumers; FY2019
  61. Sales income and gross profit margin of the consumers; FY2010-2019
  62. Output and sales of the consumers; FY2010-2019
  63. SWOT matrix for large-scale companies with favorable conditions
  64. Strategies positioning for large-scale companies with favorable conditions
  65. SWOT matrix for large-scale companies with unfavorable conditions
  66. Strategies positioning for large-scale companies with unfavorable conditions
  67. SWOT matrix for small enterprises with favorable conditions
  68. Strategies positioning for small enterprises with favorable conditions
  69. SWOT matrix for small enterprises with unfavorable conditions
  70. Strategies positioning for small enterprises with unfavorable conditions

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